Finding Good Teachers

As I have been led astray from the book already, I thought that I might start with a disclaimer. This is in no way is a linear exploration of Mr. Gladwell's book. I do find through his writing some great tidbits that milk the brain allowing ideas to emerge.

I happened upon an article that was published in the New Yorker titled "Most Likely to Succeed". Through the article he does a comparison of the selection process for quarterbacks in the NFL and teachers. He addresses one of the big issues in education, finding good teachers.

"After years of worrying about issues like school funding levels, class size, and curriculum design, many reformers have come to the conclusion that nothing matters more than finding people with the potential to be great teachers. But there's a hitch: no one knows what a person with the potential to be a great teacher looks like." (Gladwell, 2008, p.2)

The question then arises, what makes a good teacher? Obviously for educational leaders and thinkers this has huge implications. Here are some of the highlights that he gives in the article, an article I think that new teachers and veterans should take some time to read.

Highlights of a good teacher:
1. allows for the flexible engagement of the learner in the classroom
2. personalizes the content for the learner
3. provides quality feedback that allows for deeper learning- during the presentation
4. provides timely feedback that is individualized- in the classroom
5. possess something called withitness (being able to communicate to the students that you know that something is happening without actually saying something, or being able to recognize that there is the potential of something happening.)

These are the skills that are highlighted in his article, the question arises as to what he is missing? After being in the teaching profession you would expect that I would be able to identify the skills of a good teacher. Here is my personal take on identify a good teacher, not citing any literature.

Good teachers . . .
1. form relationships with their students. It has been my experience that a good teacher needs to be able to form a strong bond with their students. Does this mean that they are friends? No, not at all. These teachers are able to identify with the student, allowing them to get to know themselves as an individual. These teachers are able to share about their lives with the students in an appropriate way at appropriate times. They recognize their role, in loco parentis. They act in the way that is best for the student in their own eyes as if the child is their own. Having recently become a parent it is even more clear at this time of how important this is.

2. are effective communicators. There are a number of different times when a teacher must communicate. During the lesson the teacher must be able to clearly give instructions, feedback and present information. When issues arise, communication needs to happen with the administration of the school as well as the parents. They should not be afraid of conflict and need to present discipline issues in the form of information-providing trying to remove the emotional self from the situation (a difficult task one that may not be entirely possible). Teachers need to ensure that they do not take an acting out student as a reflection of themselves personally. It is important to recognize that students come with a variety of experiences, most of which you as a teacher have no previous knowledge of.  Teachers need to communicate with other colleagues effectively as well. There will be times of sharing and discussion of direction, students or pedagogical ideas for the future where the individuals input must be clear and professional.

3. are flexible and deal well with change. Change is an inevitable in an educational setting. Students are new each year, or each semester. Flexibility as I see it is the ability to deal effectively with situations where those teachable moments happen in the classroom setting. The teacher may have prepared what you thought was the most engaging lesson ever, but put it into practice and it seems to flop. Can they adapt? What will the teacher do? The teacher has two obligations in this particular situation, recognize that something is not working, and then ensure that you have some sort of an alternative plan. Much of this flexibility comes from experience in the class, as the individuals toolbox has developed over a period of time. This is a characteristic that grows with time.

4. have a great understanding of the process of learning. The individual is constantly revisiting learning theory. They understand that there are a variety a ways in which information can be acquired. They design lessons that allow for multiple opportunities to be exposed to the information in a fun and engaging way, where work is equivalent to play. They assemble a variety of techniques including the use of narrative and mimesis set within student culture (Paul, 2010).  The teacher understands that lessons they create must be personalized for the learners that are currently in front of them.

5. have a great understanding of the content they deliver. Having background knowledge of the content that you are teaching allows for multiple presentations of material. The comfort to explore and use more inquiry based lessons as the teacher feels confident with the material. It is easier for providing feedback in a timely way as you are comfortable with what the students are learning. Often these individuals can anticipate the problem areas of the content and are more prepared to help individuals through those problem areas.

6. are innovators and like to learn themselves. These individuals will use an array of delivery methods that are timely and current. They spend time learning about new ways to deliver material and reflect on their practice as a whole. Is this effective? Are the students engaged?

Ultimately, the test that I would have for a teacher is, would I want my child to be in this individuals classroom? If I was in a situation where I needed to hire an individual, I would call upon references and ask them that question. Would you have this individual teach your own child? This to me is the ultimate measure of the teachers ability. Finding good teachers and recognizing them is a very difficult task. The entire field of education needs to reflect on and learn to recognize those characteristics that make a good one.


Reference

Paul, J. (December 1, 2010). Lecture for Modern and PostModern Condition. University of Calgary.

Gladwell, M. (December 15, 2008). Most Likely to Succeed- How do we hire when we can't tell who's right for the job? The Annals of Education. Articles from the New Yorker. Retrieved from: http://www.gladwell.com/2008/2008_12_15_a_teacher.html

Introduction- The Tipping Point and Change in Education

My wife and I were on a road trip, we were newly weds taking our first summer vacation together. The plans were to travel through to the west coast and hit Seattle for a couple of days, make our way back through Vancouver, visit with some friends, hit the Okanogan area, specifically Summerland and then return home to Calgary. We arrived in Seattle thinking that we were going to find some camping and decided to stay in a hotel in the downtown area. After our first day of wandering along Pikes Pier, we returned to have a rest. While watching television I came across this guy talking on the local Seattle public television station. He looked like what you would stereotypically expect as an intellectual/academic.

He was speaking to the city council of Seattle about Major Junior hockey in Canada and the role that the month that the player was born in having an impact on how successful the player was. Needless to say I was hooked. The next day I talked with my wife about it. The book that the talk was based on was called "Outliers", one of which has made him a very popular writer.

Getting back to school in the fall of last year I was in the depths of trying to survive teaching. My eleventh year, I was teaching a highly academic course of chemistry with a colleague of mine who is an engineer, not a chemical one. We were teaching a course with little support as the individuals that had taught it in the past were no longer at the school. We were two newbies, excited at the prospect of this new teaching experience yet quickly overwhelmed for another school year. Needless to say I was not able to pursue any personal reading nor explore any academic endeavors, such as taking a course for my masters in education. Of course as you would have it my wife and I were expecting a child in the month of November.

It was not until the end of June when I was able to clear this fog that had enveloped me for the previous ten months. I was looking for something to do other than supervise another exam when a colleague of mine heard that I was interested in Malcolm Gladwell's work. As fate would have it (not that fate is something a fundamental postmodern thinker would ever write in a blog), the individual I was speaking with actually just finished reading two of his books, one of which was "The Tipping Point- How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference." He gave me his copies of both books and said pass them along to someone when you are finished with them.

Having enrolled in a masters in education focusing in leadership I would have to say that the itch that made me enroll is this idea of the leader and what makes a good one. I spent my time in two schools over the past eleven years as a full time employee, and have had the opportunity to work under six different principals throughout that time. Having had the opportunity to explore leadership from the inside, working within a leadership team, I saw the impact that the leadership can have on a building. I was inspired to pursue this further and here I am.

The purpose of this blog will be to explore Malcolm Gladwell's Tipping Point through the lens of applications for leaders, specifically school leaders. I hope to take you on my journey as I read and reflect on it's implications for leaders. It is my desire that through these short posts I will be able to form and explore my ideas on leadership. This experience will be an organic one in nature, at this particular point I am not sure where it will lead me or you as the reader. So off, may this be a journey that is as insightful for you as it will be for me.

References

Gladwell, M. (accessed November 16, 2010). Gladwell.com. Retrieved from http://www.gladwell.com/bio.html

Cockpit Resource Managment for teachers?

In reading the chapter titled "Staying on the same page: Choreographing Team Coordination", Vicente writes of the development of Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) within the airline industry. In a nutshell, CRM is a training program that was developed in response to the problems that arose from poor communication that was happening in the cockpit. Pilots were not being trained prior to that on how to communicate and delegate roles effectively in a crisis situation. He recounts the dramatic but tragic the story of a flight crew trying to figure out if a light bulb on the control panel in the cockpit was burnt out. Meanwhile the plane is not being flown by anyone and disturbingly enough the plane crashes killing 99 passengers. The concept of CRM has been applied to other fields including; the operating room and the control room of a nuclear power plant. Although these are very different fields than education, are there not components we could include in the training programs for teachers?

From my experience, training for teachers is a lot of theory and not a lot of practice. The most important part of my teacher training was when I actually ended up in the classroom. Situational type of learning provided me the opportunity to try and put theory into practice. For the most part I did not experience any crisis nor did I encounter too much difficulty as there was always my partner teacher to count on. Can teacher training be improved? Is it possible to incorporate some of the ideas that CRM introduces for teachers? My thought is yes.

What types of situations could a teacher encounter that may require some training? Here is a list of a variety of situations that a person who was designing a teacher training program might consider:

1. dealing with a defiant student,
2. being a sub and dealing with a defiant class,
3. being a sub and teaching outside of your area of expertise,
4. being a sub and not having a lesson plan,
5. planning a lesson in a particular setting/ booking the setting and then not have the setting available,
6. an accident in the lab,
7. an accident while on a field trip,
8. an incident on a field trip that is to happen over a number of days,
9. having a lesson planned and not having access to technology that you thought you would have access to ( Internet down, projector not working) etc. . .

There are so many situations as a teacher that you face that you do not have any training for. You muddle through, do your best and hope for the best. For the most part these are not life and death situations and thus teacher training does not pay attention to these situations.

There are other aspects of CRM that could be applied to teacher training. The idea of involving the video camera, and video taping a teachers lesson should be integral to the training program as well as part of an ongoing self evaluation of teacher practice. School leaders could have colleagues, or leadership video a lesson that a teacher presents and then debrief with the teacher immediately following the lesson. The teacher could take the opportunity to reflect on the video in the presence of the colleague or leadership. Initially there may be some reservations on the part of the teacher, but given the potential that this could become a part of  regular practice then it would gain greater acceptance particularly if there is a sense of  improvement in teaching practice as a whole.

CRM was a great idea for the airline industry and has applications much further abroad. I am not sure that CRM has been applied to the field of education but the potential is there. Improving teacher practice, providing greater training and as a result improving students outcomes. Teacher training needs to be constantly evaluated. Applying CRM to the field of education and teacher training could be a really good thing.

Vicente, Kim J. (2004). The Human Factor: Revolutionizing the Way We Live with Technology. Toronto: Vintage Canada

Cell Phones and their use in Schools

Always Connected, Always Distracted

Cell phones and their use in schools is something that the entire field of education needs to consider. Recently Dalton McGuinty, priemier of Ontario was quoted at in the Globe and Mail commenting on the use of cell phones in schools:

“Asked for his comments on the Toronto District School Board's plans to rethink a policy that restricts cellphones to lockers during the school day, Mr. McGuinty observed that there is a “right way and a wrong way” to use technology in schools. “Telephones and BlackBerrys … are conduits for information today, and one of the things we want our students to be is to be well-informed.” To paraphrase the Premier: Given the ubiquity of wireless technology, we might as well figure out how to use it effectively in schools.”

Donald Norman writes on the use of cell phones and the impact that it is having on people in general. He writes of the benefits in terms of the availability of contact with friends and family over great distance.
". . . today we can be in continual contact with friends and relatives no matter where we are, no matter the time of day." (p.149) He also writes of the isolation that these devices create. "Walk down the street of any large city in any country of the world and watch the people on their cell phones: they are in their own space, physically adjacent to one location and one set of people but emotionally somewhere else." (p. 152) The contact that is created through the use of the phones and instant messaging in general appears to have a very superficial aspect to it. Norman writes: "We can hold continual, short interactions with numerous people, thus keeping friendships alive. But the more we hold short, brief, fleeting interactions and allow ourselves to interrupt ongoing conversations and interactions, the less we allow any depth of interaction, any depth of relationship." (p. 156)

Keeping in mind Norman's thoughts and the movement to use them in schools what implications does this have for education? Personally I think that cell phones are going to be allowed in the classroom in the near future. How are teachers going to deal with the influx of these phones? Are students going to be able to handle the responsibility of using the phones appropriately in the classroom? Will other issues such as FOIP become more and more apparent? What rights with the teacher and the other students in the class have as well? Schools are going to need to plan for this on slot. School leaders need to begin to prepare for this and initiate discussions with their staff about how to deal with it. School leaders are going to need to have their staff aligned, providing a unified voice about the use of cell phones.

Cell phones are going to provide a great opportunity for teachers and school leaders to talk about character development. When is it appropriate to use a phone? There are obvious times when it is not. Conversations about there use need to happen with students to help educate them about appropriate use. For instance, a teacher may converse with the student, talking about a variety of different times when it is not appropriate to use a phone. Students could be asked: Is it appropriate for you to use your phone while you are driving? Why not? (It is distracting to the driver and not safe)  Is it okay to use it when you are at the movies? Why not? (It is distracting to others) Is it okay for you to pull your phone out at a family dinner? Why not? (You are not being present with your family) Is it okay for you to use it on a first date? Why not? (You are not making a good impression with the person you are on the date with)

Cell phones have their place in society. They keep people connected with each other not unlike anything that we have seen before. The difficulty is clearly establishing what it's place is and having students learn it. Cell phones can be distracting to the user as they multitask, distracting to others as they observe their use, they remove the user from the situation in which they are physically and finally they impact they way others perceive you. Given this students will learn to recognize the times when it is appropriate to use a phone and when it is not.

Norman, D. (2004). Emotional Design: Why we Love(or Hate) Everyday Things. New York, NY: Basic Books.